Material from Letopisi.Ru - “Time to return home”
| Museum | |
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Museum of Military Glory of the 322nd Zhytomyr Red Banner Order of the Suvorov Rifle Division |
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| Status | school |
| The country | Russia |
| City | Nizhny Novgorod |
| Founder | Yanov Vladimir Alekseevich, Barablin Nikolai Ilyich |
| Foundation date | |
Official name
Museum of Military Glory of the 322nd Zhytomyr Red Banner Order of the Suvorov Rifle Division
Location
City of Nizhny Novgorod, Leninsky district, Kosmonavta Komarov street, 6, school number 148
History of creation
The founder and organizer of the museum was Grishin Antonin Petrovich, who fought in the 322nd SD. His three daughters attended our school in the 1950s. It was he who came up with the proposal to link the lessons of courage with the search work of students and teachers to recreate the combat path of 322 SD. Antonin Petrovich turned to the director of the school Yanov Vladimir Alekseevich.
Yanov Vladimir Alekseevich turned to Chernous Mikhail Terentyevich, head of the Gorky Military School of Communications. Grishin Antonin Petrovich and Chernous Mikhail Terentyevich fought in the 322nd SD - they were fellow soldiers.
It was decided to create a Council of Veterans of the Gorky residents of the WWII 322 SD. Chernous M.T. became the Chairman of the Council.
Through the newspaper "Krasnaya Zvezda" a cry was thrown about the search for soldiers who fought in this division.
Barablin Nikolai Ilyich became the first organizer and responsible for the design of the first exposition of the museum.
The work of the museum was carried out through combat missions performed by students of all classes, including elementary school. All classes were regularly accounted for their assignments through the Red Ranger Council, which was overseen by the Veterans Council.
Excursions were organized to places of revolutionary, military and labor glory with money earned in labor camps.
Recorded by Tokmakova E.V. according to Laurina Valentina Grigoryevna, an English teacher, has been working at the school since 1960
Acquaintance with the expositions of the museum
The museum has three exhibits:
1. Born in the fire of war... , is directly dedicated to the formation of the division, its units, combat path, command staff, heroes of the Soviet Union 322 rifle division.
2. School history . Acquaints visitors with documents on the opening of the school, with the first teaching staff and students. The photo albums tell about everyday life and important events that took place at the school. On the work of the pioneer, Komsomol organizations and the Detachment of the Red Pathfinders.
3. Andrei Rogov is an internationalist warrior. Performing military duty in Afghanistan, he was mortally wounded. He was posthumously awarded the Order of the Red Star. He is a graduate of our school.
Born in the fire of war...
Formation of the 322 Infantry Division.
322nd Zhytomyr Red Banner Order of Suvorov Rifle Division, formed in the city of Gorky in the harsh days of autumn 1941 and passed a glorious military path from the battle for Moscow to the approaches to the capital of Czechoslovakia, Prague.
The city of Gorky in the days of the Great Patriotic War was not only the arsenal of the Soviet army, which provided all types of weapons and military equipment. Many formations and units were formed on its territory. In the battles for the Fatherland, the Nizhny Novgorod residents of Gorky deserved the immortal glory of the feat.
The 322nd division was formed as part of the 10th army of General Golikov, created in the Volga region for a counterattack against the Nazi invaders near Moscow.
Of all the formations of the army, this is the only division that the Gorky people openly and solemnly escorted to the front on October 2, 1941, after a rally on Minin Square.
Minting a step, the soldiers left in a solemn march to the railway station at the Myza station, loaded into wagons and set off for the city of Kuznetsk, Penza Region.
When the regiments roared under fire,
That, suppressing anxiety and confusion,
Russia went into the militia,
A wave of human splashing on the highways.
Severe color and hard contour lines,
And the black autumn earth...
This is how the country has been going since the day Minin was called
From the walls of the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin.
In the city of Kuznetsk, a short combat training of the formation took place. The soldiers learned to shoot accurately, quickly dig in, and storm enemy positions. And most importantly - the soldiers rallied into a single combat unit.
At the end of November, a month after the parade, an order was received to move the division to the front.
The 322nd Infantry Division received its baptism of fire on December 7, 1941 in the battle for the Serebryanye Prudy district center near Moscow as part of the 10th Reserve Army.
We will not falter in battle
For your capital
Our dear Moscow is dear to us.
unbreakable wall,
defense steel
Defeat, destroy the enemy.
Marshal of the Soviet Union Golikov F. I. highly appreciated the feat of the division in the Battle of Moscow.
There was a long, glorious road ahead. Through the great battle of Kursk, the liberation of Ukraine, Poland, Czechoslovakia.
On the stands are documents telling about the units of the division, awards received during the hostilities. The subdivisions received their names according to the names of the liberated cities.
Opening of the museum and monument.
"No one is forgotten
Nothing is forgotten!
The Museum of Military Glory of the 322nd Infantry Division was opened on May 19, 1967. The organizer of the creation of the museum was a front-line soldier and the first director of the school Yanov Vladimir Alekseevich. The idea was supported by the entire teaching staff and students.
The materials of the museum say that the reconstruction of the military glory of the division forgotten in the post-war years began in 1965. From a brief guide to the museum of history teacher Barablin Nikolai Ilyich "In the summer of 1945, the division was disbanded, and in 1965 we began to look for its veterans and restore its good name."
A year after the opening of the museum, on the day of the 50th anniversary of the Komsomol on October 29, 1968, to the sounds of a military band and a gun salute, a monument-monument to the feat of the 322nd Infantry Division was solemnly opened in front of the school building. The author of the sculpture is the honored worker of art Nizhny Novgorod sculptor P. I. Gusev.
More than 250 veterans of the division, war and labor veterans, invited persons, and schoolchildren attended the opening. The banner of the division fanned with glory proudly developed in the wind. It was the largest meeting of veterans in all years.
In the photo - the presidium of the solemn rally. There are many interesting people on the podium. In the center is the illustrious commander of the regiment of the division, Colonel Grishin, to the left of him the regional military commissar, Major General Dukhovny, to the right, Hero of the Soviet Union, Colonel Samochkin, whose name is one of the streets of the Leninsky district.
The Council of Veterans, collecting material about the division, conducted extensive correspondence with government agencies, with the Supreme Commanders of the Soviet Union, and statesmen.
From a letter from Ivan Stepanovich Konev, Marshal of the Soviet Union, “The monument is a symbol of the unity of generations… The opening of the monument is a bright memory of the descendants of the heroic deeds of soldiers during the Great Patriotic War…”
Let the opening of the monument to the soldiers of the 322nd division serve as a good example for all Gorky residents and become a symbol of the preservation of blessed memory, both of all those who died, and of all veterans of the division who survived and contributed to the common cause of defeating the Nazi invaders.
Studying the materials of the museum, we see the great life of the school and its veteran mentors.
From a letter from Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov, an appeal to the students of the school. “Listen and love your teachers. They are your mentors. Without them, you will never enter life as worthy people.”
The military-patriotic work of the school in 1964-1970 was marked by many awards: all-Union, city and district. A total of 22 awards are listed. These are Certificates of Honor, diplomas, pennants, addresses.
The traditions of the museum and the military-patriotic education of the students of the director Antonov Stalin Nikitichna, Abina Galina Ivanovna, Egorova Angelina Romanovna continued the traditions of the museum. Everyone contributed to the development of the museum.
School history
The war has died down, the war has rumbled. Soldiers-front-line soldiers covered with glory returned home. Some of them continued to serve in the Armed Forces. Most of the front-line soldiers began to rebuild the destroyed cities and villages, to restore industry and agriculture. And some decided to devote their lives to the rising post-war generations. The album contains photographs of front-line teachers: Yanov Vladimir Alekseevich, Barablin Nikolay Ilyich, Bibishev Zosim Fedorovich, Bogdanov Ivan Pavlovich, Valyuzhenich Ekaterina Makarovna, Kalachev Alexander Yakovlevich, Kiselev Nikolay Fedorovich, Kolesov Mikhail Ivanovich, Kochedykov Konstantin Ivanovich, Polikarpov Mikhail Petrovich, Polikarpova Zinaida Alekseevna.
The history of the school begins with the decision of the Gorky city executive committee to open a male secondary school No. 148 in the Leninsky district.
September 1, 1953 - the first academic year of the school began. On this stand are photographs of the first teaching staff and graduates of the school. These pictures tell about the everyday life and successes of the school since its foundation. The stand presents only a small part of the material that is stored in the museum's funds.
Maintaining the continuity of pedagogical skills, the school employs teachers who were once its students themselves. Artamonova Olga Ivanovna, Malygina Marina Pavlovna, Mitrofanova Marina Konstantinovna, Stolova Margarita Konstantinovna, Ponomareva Galina Alekseevna.
In 2008, for the 55th anniversary of the school, the director Egorova Angelina Romanovna reconstructed the museum. The museum has acquired a modern look.
The head of the museum, Nikolai Fedorovich Vasiliev, systematized the museum's funds for storage. Most of the exhibits were removed to the storerooms, because. paper media deteriorate over time.
October 29, 2010 the museum turned 43 years old. The appearance of the museum has changed, new expositions have been added. Different people led and organized the search activities of students. But one thing was unchanged - the continuity of the traditions of memory of the feat of the soldiers of the 322nd Infantry Division. Confirmation was the victory in the review competition of museums of military glory in the 2009-2010 academic year. I place in the region, III - in the city.
The teaching staff and students of the school will continue the traditions of the museum, preserving the memory of the famous division. And they will write new interesting pages in the history of the school and the museum.
The present, which remembers the past, is worthy of the future.
The division was formed by order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief in August 1941 in the city of Gorky, Moscow Military District. The personnel was recruited from the natives of Gorky and the Gorky region. This is the only division that the Gorky people openly and solemnly escorted to the front on October 2, 1941, after a rally on Minin Square, at which the unit was awarded the Red Banner from the Sormovka plant.
The 322nd Gorky Division, which by that time was part of the 16th Army (according to the directive of the Headquarters of the All-Russian Command to the commander of the 10th Reserve Army on the concentration of the army in the Ryazan, Kanino, Shilovo area and the tasks for its provision dated November 24, 1941 No. op / 2995), received an order to relocate from the city of Kuznetsk to Rybnoe, Ryazan Region. It was ordered to complete the concentration of the army by the evening of December 2, and on December 4 (according to directive No. 0044 / op) to deliver the main blow in the direction of Mikhailov, Stalinogorsk (now Novomoskovsk - approx. RED.)
The 322nd Rifle Division received its baptism of fire on December 7, 1941 in the battle for the Serebryanye Prudy district center near Moscow.
“In early December 1941, the 10th Army under the command of General F.I. Golikova launched an offensive against Novomoskovsk and Epifan. In the direction of Serebryanye Prudy, the 322nd Gorky Rifle Division, commanded by Colonel Pyotr Isaevich Filimonov, advanced. On December 4, 1941, the division from the city of Zaraysk launched an offensive in the direction of Serebryany Prudy and by December 5 reached the approaches to the Serebryano-Prudsky region ”(“ The Serebryano-Prudsky Territory ”, A.I. Volkov, 2003, p. 62).
By the end of December 7 322nd Rifle Division took possession of the large settlement of Silver Ponds. The appearance of our units here was a complete surprise for the enemy, so the battle here was fleeting. According to the testimony of the prisoners, when the fascist soldiers heard gunfire from three sides, they considered themselves surrounded and rushed to flee in a panic. The first trophies were taken here: more than 200 trucks, cars and special vehicles, 20 motorcycles, 4 guns, a large number of heavy machine guns, rifles, cartridges, a lot of food, ammunition and equipment. Having received its first baptism of fire in Serebryanye Prudy, the 322nd Gorky Division continued its rapid offensive against Venev, and on December 9 the city was liberated. In the battles for the liberation of Serebryanye Prudy, 9 Soviet soldiers and officers died as heroes, 19 people were wounded. And ahead was a long path covered with glory through the great battle of Kursk, the liberation of Ukraine, Poland, Czechoslovakia.
On July 27, 1944, the 322nd Rifle Division fights for Lvov. Further, she participates in the Sandomierz-Silesian operation, liberates the Dombrowski coal basin (the junction of the borders of Poland, Germany and Czechoslovakia). On March 31, 1945, the soldiers of the division liberated the city of Ratibor.
Troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front December 31, 1944. as a result of a swift infantry attack and a skillful detour maneuver of tank formations, they captured the regional center of Ukraine, the city and railway junction of Zhytomyr. In commemoration of the victory, formations and units that distinguished themselves in the battles for the liberation of the city of Zhytomyr, including the 322nd Rifle, were given the name "Zhytomyr".
The 322nd Red Banner Zhitomir Order of the Suvorov Rifle Division completed its combat path near the Czechoslovak city of Olomouc.
From archival documents
Commander of the 10th Army.
Combat Report No. 003.
December 8, 1941.
"one. The division fought in Uzunovo - Myagkoe - Krasnoe - Serebryanye Prudy and, continuing the offensive in the direction of the city of Venev, by 14:00 reached:
1085 Infantry Regiment - Soft - Grace.
1089th Rifle Regiment - Krasnoye - Kurebino.
The vanguard of the 1087th Infantry Regiment went to Annin. No contact with neighbors.
2. The enemy, offering resistance, withdrew in the direction of Kurbatovo, Rogatovo, Lishnyaga, Pokrovka, Prudskie Vyselki. Reconnaissance units are fighting near Rogatov and Prudskie Vyselok.
3. I decided, overturning small enemy groupings, to advance on Venev with the aim of capturing it by 9.12.41.
Please authorize.
Divisional Commander 322nd Colonel Filimonov.
From the memories of those battles:
“Guderian understood how important it was to withdraw his troops from the northern and northeastern parts of the “bag”, south of the Tula line, Stalinogorsk 2nd (northern), in time, since in this place there was a neck of the “bag”, which was only 30 kilometers. The 2nd Panzer Army retreated along its entire front with stubborn defensive battles.
The pace of advance of the troops of the 10th Army during the first and second operations was not the same. For the first two days, from the morning of December 6 to the morning of December 8, the army advanced 45-55 kilometers with battles, breaking through the well-prepared enemy defenses at the turn of Serebryanye Prudy, Mikhailov, Gagarino, Kremlyovo ... In general, the actions of the 322nd were successful rifle division under the command of Colonel P. I. Filimonov, who attacked Serebryanye Prudy, where she captured the battle flag and cash register of one of the regiments of the 29th motorized division, 50 prisoners and many trophies.
Marshal of the Soviet Union F. I. Golikov
The remaining formations of the army, without encountering much resistance on their way, continued the offensive and by the end of the day reached the line of Kurlyshevo, Malinki. Right flank divisions ( 322nd and 330th) by the same time reached Duginka (9-10 km southwest of Serebryanye Prudy). In view of the slow advance of the troops of the 50th Army and the somewhat dispersed nature of its strikes, on December 11, the front command ordered the army, having concentrated forces, to deliver two strikes with the exit of both groups to the Ozerki area (a road junction 5 km south of Shchekino). The purpose of the front command was to cut off the enemy's retreat to the south with these concentrated blows of the army troops from the flanks, and then to encircle and destroy him immediately south of Tula. At the same time, the 322nd Rifle Division was transferred to the group from the 10th Army. This regrouping was dictated by the situation and the possibilities to create a better command and control of the troops.
On December 29, 1942, the division received an order to redeploy. From December 30, 1942 to January 1, 1943, loading was carried out at the station. Sukhinichi and Zhivodovka junction; through Moscow, the division was transported to the station. Tresvyatskaya, 20 km northeast of Voronezh. The unloading took place on January 6, 1943. By combat order of the headquarters of the VF No. 003 of January 4, 1943, the division became part of the Voronezh Front as its reserve, stationed on the territory of the 40th Army. On the basis of the combat order of the headquarters of the 40th Army No. 008 dated January 12, 1943, the division was tasked to be in the army reserve in the area of Dobrino, Tryasorukovo, Davydovka. The artillery of the division was to act in conjunction with
1.Childhood. The usual, without any special bright colors, rural childhood in the family of a poor peasant in the Tver province of pre-revolutionary Russia. Two episodes from the school period of my life are especially imprinted in my memory.
Episode one: the teacher of the rural school, Alexander Alexandrovich, with the help of a “magic lantern”, showed the students of our school the fairy tale “The Little Humpbacked Horse” and found time to collectively read with us the complete works of N.V. Gogol. When I was in the third grade, Alexander Alexandrovich gave me copies of Herzen's Past and Duma to read. Later, after school, where it was only possible to get hold of The Past and Dumas, I got acquainted with this artistic chronicle of Russian and European life with a fascinating interest.
Episode two: sadness spread over the peasant fields, and from the fields it penetrated into Russian poetry, giving rise to sad melodies. Of all the famous writers of that time, Nekrasov was dearer to me and more understandable than others. Pictures from peasant life, drawn by the pen of the brilliant poet Nekrasov, my eyes saw in nature. In the simple and vivid works of Nekrasov, objective truth was expressed. A great historical era is depicted with brilliant simplicity in the works of Nekrasov. Therefore, when Father Alexei, a priest of the parish school, at the final exam suggested that I recite a poem of my choice by heart, it was not by chance that I called Nekrasov's poem "An Uncompressed Strip". Father Alexei liked the poem, recited with feeling by heart, and he suggested that I repeat it for all those present.
"Late autumn, the rooks have flown away,
The forest is bare, the fields are empty,
Only one uncompressed strip,
She makes a sad thought."
And I shut up. Everyone was waiting, why don't I tell more, why am I silent? And I stand and keep silent and cry, bitter tears flowed from my eyes in a stream. The next word began with the letter "K". Words beginning with the letter "K" and "P" were difficult sounds for me. The excitement that seized me immediately affected my physical handicap. I was silent and wept, I wept and I was silent. The severe form of stuttering that I had since childhood gave me many bitter moments in my school life. It left its mark on my whole character - to talk less to hide my physical handicap. Thinking more silently, without words, did not remain the rule for my entire subsequent life. After school, I had to expend a lot of effort to at least somewhat get rid of my physical handicap, which was so disturbing to me - stuttering. Reading aloud, in a singsong voice, somewhere far from the village in the forest or on the banks of the Volga, greatly improved my speech.
2. My parents are my nice old men. The village of Ivankovo, where I was born in 1898, gave way to the Ivankovo dam of the Moscow Canal. The village of Ivankovo was built in a new place closer to the mouth of the Dubna River.
Ivankovsky collective farm - three streets. On one of them, the third house from the edge - a small one-story, with a courtyard adjoining directly to the house - the house of my now very old parents. The collective farm watchman Terentiev Nikita Prokofievich is my father.
"Watchman and General" Note from the newspaper "Collective Life". The body of the Kimry RK of the CPSU (b) and the District Trade Union Council. - “The conversation turned to horse collars. The stable keeper Nikita Prokofievich, a talkative and cheerful old man, took us to the dryer to show us how the harness was stored. There was a dry, warm, pungent smell of horse sweat. It was cramped, but clean and comfortable. Clamps and saddles hung on the walls, on wooden hooks. “It is not supposed to be otherwise, if there is a competition,” the watchman explained. Sitting down on a bench by the window, he ran his hand over his beard, unbuttoned his jackets, slowly took a small vial of snuff out of his pocket. “Who are you competing with? we asked. With pleasure, sniffing out greenish specks of dust from a pinch, Nikita Prokofievich. He replied: “He is not here ...
-Where is he? - In the Soviet Army.
So, soldier?
- General.
This got us even more interested. In fact, somewhere in the unknown Ivankovsky collective farm, modestly sheltered in the forests of the Kimry region, the artel watchman competes with the General. – What is so special about it? Nikita Prokofievich said calmly. The point is we have one! The general is on guard in his business, and I am in mine. In the caretaker's house we were warmly greeted by his wife. She was sitting at a table covered with green oilcloth and knitting gloves, as it turned out later, for the general. “Well, what to do with her,” Nikita Prokofievich was indignant, “he’s the General! Joke! Under his rule, there are no number of cannons and no number of people! But she doesn’t understand: is it possible that he doesn’t have enough gloves!
“I’ll send anyway,” the old woman stood her ground, and I’ll knit socks, I’ll send too. He is dear, he must feel my love. ” Tatyana Stepanovna led us behind the partition, into a small, cozy little hill. There, the entire wall from the ceiling to the bed was hung with photographs. There were a lot of them, these simple family pictures. In the most conspicuous place, in a makeshift frame under glass, was a picture of a middle-aged man in military uniform. Nikita Prokofievich pointed to this photo with pride: "Our son is General Gury Nikitovich Terentyev."
The name of General Terentyev is well known throughout the local district. Many farmers worked with him in the fields and now they lovingly keep newspapers that mention the name of a noble countryman. Then, when Tatyana Stepanovna, happy from worries about her son, showed the general's letter, Nikita Prokofievich remarked: “That's why our state is indestructible, that ordinary people become generals. They came from the people, and they will protect their people from any enemy.
City of Kalinin Dudochkin.
3. Working life
Grade 3 of a rural school has been completed. Exams passed perfectly, including the Law of God. This was the end of my general education. In relation to my parents, this was a step forward, since both of them were illiterate. The time has passed, though bleak, but still the time of a golden childhood. A new time has begun, the time of working life. Working life began at the age of 11, but in essence, it was earlier. During periods of field work, instead of a nanny, it was necessary to sit with a brother or sister of a younger age. My profession is a shoemaker. I worked in this profession from the age of 11 until the draft in the Old Army in February 1917, that is, about 8 years.
4. Service in the old army.
He was drafted into the army on February 3, 1917 by the Korchevsky district military commander of the Tver province. Sent to the city of Yelets, Oryol province - 201 infantry reserve regiment of the old army - a soldier of the 14th infantry company of this regiment. Later, in the same regiment, he graduated from a training team, received the rank of junior non-commissioned officer and was appointed squad leader. Four names are imprinted in the memory associated with the service in this regiment:
The first is the squad leader, junior non-commissioned officer Khovansky. He was small in stature, dense, strict, demanding and at the same time friendly commander. Especially clearly and beautifully in the classroom, he showed us rifle techniques on command: “Stay on the lunge - if”, and held it for a long time, aligning the bayonets in a straight line. To themselves, the soldiers then scolded the Italians, who sold the heavy rifle "Wind" with a wide bayonet to the Russian Tsar, there were no Russian rifles in the reserve regiment.
The second name of the commander of the 201st Infantry Reserve Regiment, Colonel Mokroplio, tall, corpulent, who always traveled in a cab drawn by four Oryol trotters. After the February Revolution, along with other officers, he was a member of the regimental Committee of Soldiers' Deputies.
The third surname was written in large letters inside the company barracks between the ceiling and the upper edge of the windows - the brigade commander, His Excellency Lieutenant General Rogozin, whom I saw once when he read the manifesto on the tsar's abdication on the parade ground of the regiment.
The fourth is the soldier Ryabov, a surname unknown to anyone before the February Revolution. After the February Revolution, not only the regiment knew about the soldier Ryabov, the whole city of Yelets spoke about him. Where are you now, dear comrade, tribune of the February and memorable October days of 1917, my political godfather?
About the first days of the February revolution in the city of Yelets, the memory preserved the following picture:
Parts of the garrison were lined up on a wide military parade ground. The officers are in their places. The commander of the reserve brigade, Lieutenant-General Rogozin, reads ... .. his senile voice trembles in the frosty February air and carries the words of the manifesto along the parade ground with a dull echo ... ... .... "For good deigned to abdicate the throne." In a clear formation, the regiment marched in company to the barracks.
The rally, meetings, discussions in the city and the reserve regiment began later. They gained a particularly wide scope with the appearance in the city of a Bolshevik soldier Comrade. Ryabov. The level of organization, adherence to principles and political sharpness of rallies, meetings and discussions has risen sharply. Tov. Ryabov enjoyed exceptional popularity and attention among the soldiers for his simple, clear and understandable speeches to the hearts of the soldiers. Most of us signed up with him as members of the RSDLP (Bolsheviks) and received receipts for payment of membership dues (50 kopecks). After the October Revolution, when they began to re-elect the company and regimental Committees of Soldiers' Deputies, I was nominated by Comrade Ryabov to be a member of the regimental committee, in which I worked until the beginning of 1918. At the beginning of 1918, along with the soldiers leaving the old front, the soldiers of the 201st Infantry Reserve Regiment also went home to their families. Together with them, the junior non-commissioned officer G. N. Terentyev went home from the city of Yelets to the village of Ivankovo.
Until October 1918, he worked in the village of Ivankovo on his father's farm and in the village Committee of the Poor.
5. Beginning of service in the Soviet army.
He began his service on October 7, 1918 at the call of non-commissioned officers of the old army by the Korchevsk district military commissariat of the Tver province. He was sent to the city of Tver, to the 8th rifle regiment, where he was appointed commander of a rifle platoon. On the very first day of my arrival in the regiment, I was called by the commissar of the regiment, comrade. Modestov and was appointed organizer of company cells of the SDLP (Bolsheviks) in the regiment. In January 1919, Commissar of the Regiment Comrade. Modestov was sent to the Ivanovo-Voznesensk command courses, which he graduated in 1920. When I went to the courses through Moscow, I saw a poster in Moscow: "We need 100,000 of our Red commanders."
From May to August 1919, the courses were at the front, repelling Yudenich's first offensive against Petrograd. A special-purpose detachment, that was the name of a military unit from the Kostroma, Vladimir, Ivanovo-Voznesensky infantry and Tver cavalry courses. In the battle near the village of Louzno, he received a through wound in the right leg and was evacuated to the hospital. In the 95th field hospital, which was stationed at the Okulovka station of the Oktyabrskaya railway, the wound healed for six months. Refusing to leave after recovery, he was sent to his Ivanovo-Voznesensk command courses, which he graduated in 1920. Left by the platoon commander on these courses. Later he was also an assistant company commander and commander of the 3rd company.
In June 1921 he completed a six-month advanced training course for commanders of military educational institutions at the Shot school - Moscow.
He returned as a company commander to his Ivanovo-Voznesensky courses, which were in the Tambov camp assembly of military educational institutions and performed a special task. The consolidated detachment from the Ivanovo, Ryazan and Oryol courses was commanded by the head of the Ivanovo courses Slepchenko, the commissar of the detachment was the commissar of the Ivanovo courses Grinberg. In the autumn of 1921, the courses were returned to Ivanovo and renamed into a normal infantry school.
In the spring of 1922 he was sent to the Joint Military School named after the All-Russian Central Executive Committee Moscow, the Kremlin, where he was a platoon commander. In the autumn of 1922, on the basis of an order allowing commanders who had completed short-term command courses to enter normal military schools, he entered the All-Russian Central Executive Committee school - the Kremlin, Moscow to continue military education. When I was in the Kremlin, I was more than once sentry at post No. 27 - the apartment of Comrade Lenin. In January 1924, when Vladimir Ilyich Lenin died, my story “At Post No. 27” was published in the Leningradskaya Pravda newspaper.
The story is from the newspaper.
In the autumn of 1923, the department of former commanders at the All-Russian Central Executive Committee school was transferred to the 8th Leningrad Infantry School, and in 1924 this school merged with the Kiev United School, which he graduated in 1925. Sent to the 48th Nyrnensky Rifle Regiment - the city of Staraya Russa.
Service in the 48th Nyrnensky Rifle Regiment, 16th Rifle Division named after Kikvadze, was carried out as follows: Commander of a machine-gun platoon of the regimental school, assistant chief of the regimental school, assistant battalion commander, acting. battalion commander
Since 1927, he began to prepare for the Military Academy named after M.V. Frunze. Failed competitive tests twice. In the autumn of 1928 he was sent to the preparatory department of the Tolmachen Military Academy - the city of Leningrad. In 1929 he was transferred to the Frunze Military Academy, from which he graduated from the main faculty in 1932. Sent to the headquarters of the 4th rifle division - the city of Slutsk.
The service at the headquarters of the 4th Infantry Division went like this: Head of the 1st department of the division headquarters, acting. division chief of staff.
Service at the Military Academy named after M. V. Frunze. By 1947, out of a total of 29 years of service in the army, almost one third of this period (eight years) was spent at the M.V. Frunze Academy.
1929–1932 studied at the Academy.
1934 - 1935 was a teacher at the Academy in the Department of General Tactics - Associate Professor of this Department, Commissioner of the Course, Head of the Course of the Main Faculty. He accepted me as a teacher at the Academy, its head was Marshal of the Soviet Union BM Shaposhnikov. I love the Academy, I love it very much. Based on the foundations of the theoretical course of military knowledge obtained at the Academy, in practical work I felt the positive value of the military education received at the Academy. The Great Patriotic War was, as it were, the second large practical Academy.
During my service at the academy, I repeatedly had to attend government receptions for participants in the May Day and November parades - 1935-1938, unforgettable days ... Voroshilov Kliment Efremovich, as a rule, led the reception, and was the first to congratulate the participants of the parade on behalf of the government. There were always comrades Stalin, Molotov, Kalinin at the receptions.
Visiting the Government receptions in the Kremlin, I recalled the situation known to me from the literature of the October battles of 1917 in Moscow: a description of the battles at the Kremlin wall, the capture of the Kremlin and the first guard of the Moscow workers at the gates of the Kremlin. Years, changing, go on as usual. My memory lingers on 1922-23, when I was sentry at the gates of the gray-haired Kremlin and more than once was at post No. 27 - the apartment of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. More than once he walked the guards along the wide Kremlin wall, behind the even rows of the Kremlin battlements with the next change to the posts of the Kremlin guard.
At the Academy in 1936 he was awarded the Order of the Red Star for successful pedagogical work in the education of officer cadres. He was also awarded the medal "XX Years of the Red Army".
Service in the Far East from June 1939 to October 1941 was as follows:
Head of the combat training department of the Far Eastern Front (FEF), deputy commander of the 40th rifle division for combat unit, deputy commander for logistics of the 25th army.
6. Combat experience in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. in the west and east without interruption.
Khabarovsk
The memorable day of June 22, 1941 found me in the city of Khabarovsk in the position of deputy commander for logistics of the 25th Army. I learned about the beginning of the war in the West from a speech on the radio by V. M. Molotov, and on July 3 I listened to the appeal of Comrade Stalin to the Soviet people, to the soldiers of the Red Army and the Navy.
The Far East checked its combat readiness. "Third Wheel of the Axis - Tokyo" behaved suspiciously. Part of the Far East conducted intense combat training and increased vigilance at the border. There are many reports, especially from officers, with a request to be sent to the Active Army to the west. Usually refused, I was also refused. There is a lot of work to provide for the divisions being transferred to the west: to provide food from 15 to 20 days, fuel - 2 refueling, fodder for 5 - 10 days, all this in different places, the deadlines for sending echelons are tough. We work day and night. Military units are involved in digging potatoes.
Khabarovsk - Moscow - Kuznetsk. Commander of the Far Eastern Front, Army General Comrade Apanasenko allows me to leave for the Army in the field. The schedule of passenger trains was brought down by military echelons, on the 17th day the Khabarovsk train arrived in Moscow, in Moscow there were continuous air alerts.
I introduce myself to Comrade Khrulev. I am appointed deputy commander for logistics of the 10th Reserve Army - the city of Kuznetsk, Penza Region. The original proposal - a flight by plane to the city of Kuznetsk, is no longer needed. They give me a car and two drivers, with whom I have to get from Moscow to Kuznetsk. On the way outside Ryazan, the car breaks down. Frosts, on the fields - a small snowball. Using passing cars, in the evening on the 5th day in Kuznetsk. The discipline of blackout in Kuznetsk is carried out strictly. It is difficult to find the headquarters of the army. I introduce myself to the commander of the 10th Reserve Army, General F. I. Golikov and K. E. Voroshilov, who was with the army commander. I learn that the loading of the army command into the echelon is tonight and on the same night the echelon leaves to the west. I never had to get acquainted with the sanitary condition of the baths in the city of Kuznetsk, which I dreamed about from Moscow to Kuznetsk.
Railway station Shilovo. Without much adventure, the management of the 10th Reserve Army concentrated on the Shilovo station. The commander and headquarters of the army study the situation and control the concentration of army units. Additional orders are given, the plan of operations is specified. The main blow in the direction of Mikhailov - Stalinogorsk, auxiliary - from the area of Kolomna, Zaraysk in the direction of Venev, Kurakino.
The preparation of the army rear for the counteroffensive is taking place in difficult conditions. The army base has not been formed. The army has long supply lines on the ground and few, very few motor vehicles. Winter promises to be harsh and with deep snow. On what and from where to deliver fuel, ammunition, food, fodder? All these questions are being clarified on the go. The appointed army quartermaster did not arrive. The apparatus of the head of the rear of the army is learning to work on the move. Everyone understands the responsibility of a combat mission.
Counteroffensive on December 6, 1941. Frosty and snowy morning. The Stalinist reserves moved to the counteroffensive and in their composition the 10th Reserve Army of General Golikov.
Serebryanye Prudy and the city of Mikhailov were the first settlements returned to the Motherland in the direction of the 10th Reserve Army. The counteroffensive is developing. Following the Silver Ponds and the city of Mikhailov, the city of Epifan, Plavsk, Bogorodsk, Kozelsk, and other cities and towns are occupied.
“The defeat of the Nazi troops near Moscow was the decisive military event of the first year of the war and the first major defeat of the Germans in World War II. This defeat forever dispelled the legend created by the Nazis about the invincibility of the German army.
I. V. Stalin"Short biography" p. 194.
And then in December 1941 and now, how joyful it is to recognize oneself as a participant in the first major defeat of the Germans in World War II. A new deputy for logistics, commander of the 10th Reserve Army, arrived. I passed my position and I receive an order on a piece of field book
Series "G"
Colonel comrade. Terentiev.
7-00. 22.01 42 years old.
Upon receipt of this, I order you to immediately go to the area where the 322nd Rifle Division is located and take command of the 322nd Rifle Division. Colonel Comrade Filimonov, after the surrender of the division, to arrive at the army headquarters - Okhotnoye.
Commander - 10 (Golikov). Member of the Military Council (Nikolaev)
Army Chief of Staff - Lyubarsky.
Combat operations of the 322nd Infantry Division of the 10th Army of the Western Front (January-February 1942).
By the morning of the next day, a horse harnessed to a sleigh took me to the area of the division - the village of Lutovnya, the village of Chernyshino. The position of the division is not easy. The fresh German 211th Infantry Division, which arrived from France, with strong air support, drove out the 322nd Infantry Division, significantly weakened by offensive battles, from Zikeevo, Petrovna, Rechitsa.
Two riflemen, an artillery regiment and the division headquarters huddled in the small village of Lutovnya out of 14 houses. One rifle regiment is fighting surrounded in Duminici, according to unverified reports, the commander of the rifle regiment was killed. During the period of offensive battles in rifle regiments, there was a large loss in personnel. The artillery regiment of the division is a full-blooded unit, the materiel of artillery is completely, ammunition is one combat set. The sapper battalion of the division is in good condition. Despite a decent age - 50 years old, the divisional engineer, major comrade is energetic. Kurenkov. Worse - the communications battalion of the division. No contact with neighbors. German machine gunners, using the forest, come close to the village of Lutovnya and fire at houses, firing positions of artillery regiment batteries. Frunze saw the art of a commander "in the ability, from the variety of means at his disposal, to choose those that will give the best results in a given situation and at a given time."
I report about the reception of the 322nd Infantry Division.
The artillery regiment is the most complete and organized unit. I decide to improve things with the artillery regiment and go on the offensive with two regiments in order to free the third regiment. Sapper battalion - reserve. A short but strong artillery strike stuns the enemy. Both regiments are successful. The situation is being restored. Data on the death of the regiment commander in Duminici are confirmed. An attempt by the 322nd SD to continue the offensive is met with fierce resistance from the 211th German Infantry Division. Movement is possible only on roads. Deep snow. The division does not have skis, and even if it did, they would not be able to use them because of the unpreparedness of the personnel, to ski. The ski battalion, which later approached sector 322 SD, convinced me of this. The commander of this battalion was more willing to undertake a combat mission that was not related to the use of skis, and when I asked about the reasons for this, he answered: “The personnel are not taught, skiing, skiing is not a means of accelerating the march and maneuver (the skier is not connected with the roads ), and a burden on the legs. Many of the battalion's skis were broken.
Combat operations of the 322nd Rifle Division (SD) of the 16th Army of the Western Front (March - December 1942).
I receive a cipher message about the transfer to the 16th Army and the combat mission for the defense of the occupied line. The rest of the winter is the division on the defensive. Skis received: the second echelons are trained in skiing. Divisional engineer major Kurenkov classically carries out mining of the area. Several German attempts to advance are repulsed by well-organized defensive fire in combination with Kurenkov's minefields. Exploded German scouts were often found in minefields. In the spring, the line of defense is specified, engineering work and combat training are organized by the second echelons of defense. August 1942. In the forest near the village of Vyaltsevo KP 322 SD. At 5 o'clock in the morning - strong enemy artillery fire with a total duration of up to 3 hours. At 8 o'clock in the morning up to 70 aircraft were in the air. It is clear that the preliminary data on the possibility of the enemy going over to the offensive are being confirmed. 322 SD is engaged in a heavy defensive battle with two German infantry and one mechanized division. On the first day, enemy aircraft make up to 1,000 sorties. The left flank of the 322nd SD was exposed, the remnants of the regiment of the left neighbor (61st Army) were at my command post. The commander was killed, and the deputy for the political part of the left-flank regiment322 SD The situation is getting more complicated. Army reserves - cavalry on the way. Commander's order - hold on!
As a result of seven-day, tense, August battles on the Resset River, in cooperation with the cavalry corps of General Baranov and the tank battalion, the division completed its combat mission. The decisive link that contributed to the 322nd SD to carry out the defensive task on the Resset River, of course, remains with the army reserve: the tank battalion and the cavalry corps of General Baranov. Timely introduced by Commander-16 General Bagramyan to the army junction, which was also the junction of the front (Western with Bryansk), the army reserve dramatically changed the situation in favor of defense not only on the left flank, but stabilized it in the center and on the right flank of the division. The German attempt to resume the offensive was not successful, and the enemy was forced to go on the defensive. Overwhelming air superiority in this sector was on the side of the Germans all the days and, nevertheless, this time the air superiority did not ensure the success of the Germans on the ground. Correctly resolved issues of interaction on the ground ensured success for our defense, without the presence of air supremacy of our aviation. But at the same time, the lack of air supremacy of our aviation made it impossible for the army reserves and defense units to use the success of the counterattack of our reserves and themselves go from defense to offensive. Such a task was set for the army reserve and defense, but it was not fulfilled. The Army Reserve needed air support to regroup and maneuver. All attempts to make such a regrouping were violated by heavy German air raids. The counterattack of the defense reserves was deprived of the opportunity to develop into an offensive. Both sides went on the defensive. Having received reinforcements and the task of defending a somewhat reduced line along the front, the 322nd Rifle Division strengthened it in engineering terms. A month later, the division is in the army reserve, settles in the forest near Sukhinichi in dugouts, prepares the second line of defense and is engaged in combat training. Some difficulties in providing hand weapons in the division are eliminated by sending automatic weapons to the division by comrade Bulganin N.A. (Member of the Military Council of the Western Front).
By order of the commander of the army, General Baghramyan, I conduct demonstrative classes for officers of the army administration, commanders of divisions and regiments:
a) New battle formations;
b) The place of the commander of the squad, platoon, company, battalion in battle.
c) The value of organized salvo fire.
The transfer of 322 SD to the Voronezh Front and military operations as part of the 60th Army of General Chernyakhovsky. (January - February 1943). The commander of the 16th army, General Baghramyan calls to the headquarters. At headquarters, he introduces a cipher message about the urgent loading of the division into echelons. Loading in the area of the Sukhinichi station, I should go in the lead echelon. To prepare for loading - two days, oral instructions from the commander and the first echelon on the night of January 1, 1943 on the way. We meet the new year 1943 in the train car, and a few days later the train passes Moscow and goes south .... The Voronezh Front is commanded by General Golikov F.I. 322 SD - front reserve. We are moving behind the 40th army of General Moskalenko. During the offensive, the division is transferred to the army of General Chernyakhovsky and conducts successful offensive battles in the direction of the Kastornoye station. The Pravda newspaper of January 28, 1943 announced the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR signed by Comrade Stalin on conferring the military rank of major general on me.
Deputy commander for the combat unit of the 38th Army under General Chibisov (Voronezh Front - March - June 1943). I receive a call from General Golikov. Appointed Deputy Commander of the 38th Army for combat unit to General Chibisov. His army is on the offensive. The main direction is Tim, Oboyan, Konotop. I received the task - to coordinate the actions of the two divisions advancing in the direction of Tim, Oboyan and further to the west.
The division of the 38th army goes to the front west of Sudzh and comes close to Sumy. An attempt to take it on the move failed. On the sector of the 40th and 64th armies - a counter attack by the enemy. The 40th and 64th armies withdraw, exposing the left flank of the 38th army. An order was received for defense: the Voronezh Front - the southern section of the Kursk Bulge, the 38th Army - the right flank of the front. Defensive lines are being clarified. The 38th Army began planned training on its lines of the Kursk ledge in April 1943 and continued to develop and improve it until June 5, that is, before the start of the German offensive. At the beginning of June, in the sector of the 240th SD of the 38th Army, the front commander General Vatutin and the member of the Military Council General Khrushchev checked the defense.
June 27, 1943 received:
Major General Terentiev Gury Nikitich.
Prescription.
Upon receipt of this, I suggest that you leave at the disposal of the commander of the Voronezh Front for appointment to the post of commander of the 49th rifle corps.
Commander of the 38th Army ……………………... Member of the Military Council of the Army
Lieutenant General Chibisov…………………………. Colonel Oleinik.
At the headquarters I am waiting for the commander of the front ... .. he is delayed, receives the chief of staff, General Ivanov, an acquaintance from the Academy named after M.V. Frunze. The Directorate of the 49th Rifle Corps has been formed in Moscow and today, says General Ivanov, to arrive at the point by the end of the day. I advise you, without waiting for the front commander, to go to the place of concentration of corps control.
Corps control accepted. I received two rifle divisions of the 69th army and am part of it.
Combat activity of the 49th Rifle Corps (SC) as part of the 7th Guards Army (July - December 1943). The order to change the corps of the 7th Guards Army - General Shumilov. I am conducting a reconnaissance of the defensive line west of Shchebikino and the next night I am preparing to change units of the 24th Guards Rifle Corps of the 7th Guards Army. There is still a night and a day of daylight ahead for reconnaissance of the ways for the units to enter their defense areas. The reconnaissance was thwarted: at 05:00 on July 5, 1943, after strong artillery preparation, units of the 24th Rifle Corps were attacked by the enemy and were fighting hard. One of the divisions of this corps is fighting in the environment, communication with it is only by radio.
The famous Battle of Kursk began, as a result of which the Soviet troops, having exhausted and bled the elite fascist divisions, broke through the enemy’s front and themselves went on the counteroffensive. The 49th Rifle Corps was withdrawn from the 69th Army and transferred to the 7th Guards Army. As part of the 73rd, 270th and 111th rifle divisions, the 49th rifle corps, by order of the commander -7, took up defense at the turn of the temporary storage warehouse. Farmers' dacha, St. Glade - the second line of defense - fought stubborn battles with the enemy, who broke through the main defensive line. The line remained for 49 SK. 
Counteroffensive of the 49th Rifle Corps (SC) as part of the 7th Guards Army (July - December 1943). The combat mission of the corps is to advance on Reasonable and Belgorod. I carefully prepare the divisions of the corps for the performance of a combat mission. The corps is reinforced with army artillery. Everyone in the corps understands that the future fate of the corps depends on the result of the combat mission for the offensive. On the day of the attack, the enemy stubbornly resisted. He introduces tanks and Ferdinand self-propelled guns into battle. In the afternoon, 270 SD 49 SK gnaws through the enemy defenses. The corps is successful, reinforced by a tank brigade and, in cooperation with parts of the neighboring army, occupies Belgorod on August 5.
“In the capital of our Motherland, Moscow, an artillery salute was fired in honor of the valiant troops who liberated the city of Orel and Belgorod. Since then, the salutes of Moscow have become a wartime tradition with us ”I. V. Stalin. Brief Biography, Second Edition, p. 206
As part of the 7th Guards Army of the 49th SC, he conducted many offensive battles, participated in the liberation of the cities of Belgorod, Kharkov and other settlements of our Motherland. Crossed the rivers: Northern Donets, Dnieper, participated in the development of the offensive beyond the Dnieper. In the battles for the Dnieper, the quantitative and qualitative growth of our equipment - aviation, artillery and tanks, in cooperation with the infantry, decided the success of the battles at this historical milestone in our favor.
49 Rifle Corps in the Korsun-Shevchenko operation - 2nd Ukrainian Front (January - February 1944). For several days, 49th SC as part of the 57th Army. In connection with the emerging encirclement of the enemy in the area of Korsun-Shevchenkovskaya, the Directorate of the 49th SC on January 29 was withdrawn from the 57th Army and sent to the Shpola area as part of the 5th Guards Tank Army of General Rotmistrov. What it cost for the administration of the corps to move to the Shpoty area - 220 kilometers of Ukrainian spring roads - this requires a special description. Office 49 SC in Shpol. Task:
a). Taking divisions as they approach, form the outer ring of the encirclement of the Korsun-Shevchenko group.
b). Release the tank corps of the army from the outer contour.
in). Prevent the German tank divisions from breaking through to the encircled German units.
49 SC, consisting of six rifle divisions received sequentially from the approach, and ten anti-tank regiments, formed an outer semicircle of encirclement of the Germans in the Korsun-Shevchenko operation at the turn of Shpola - Zvenogorodok. Units of the 1st Ukrainian Front adjoined the right flank of the semicircle 49 SK, forming the second half of the outer ring of encirclement. Defensive battles on the outer contour of the encircled German group were distinguished by particular cruelty and perseverance. Starting from February 5, 1944, the German command makes desperate attempts to break through to the encircled German troops with strikes south of Zvenigorodka and withdraw them from the encirclement. To accomplish this task, the Germans pulled up to 8 tank divisions to the area west and southwest of Zvenigorodka, armed mainly with Tiger and Panther tanks and Ferdinand self-propelled guns. In addition, there were several infantry divisions replenished from the reserve.
Every day the Germans stepped up their attacks on the ground and in the air. Their attacks in the early days were almost uninterrupted. At times the situation was threatening, especially in the section of the 357 SD Corps. The situation on the site of this division was saved by 8 tanks of the 5th tank army of General Rotmistrov. In support of the thesis about the great importance of chances in war and how important it is to take advantage of these chances in time for the cause of victory, I will allow myself to dwell on this case in somewhat more detail. Having broken through the front and established interaction with the tanks of the 1st Ukrainian Front, the tank army of General Rotmistrov, until the divisions of the 49th SC reached the outer contour, fought containment battles with the German tank divisions at the Zvenigorodka-Shpola line. With the divisions of the 49th SC entering the outer contour, the tank army of General Rotmistrov was gathered into a fist and was preparing to increase its strike against the encircled German grouping on Korsun-Shevchenkovskaya. Desperate to break through the outer contour of 49 SK 2 Ukrainian Front, the Germans shifted pressure on the outer contour of units of the 1st Ukrainian Front and broke through it, trying to develop success towards the encircled grouping. The reserves of the army of the 1st Ukrainian Front later restored the situation. The offer of the Soviet command to the units of the encircled German group to surrender was rejected by the Germans. There was only one thing left to convince the Germans of the hopelessness of their attempts to free the encircled grouping - to destroy this encircled grouping. The tanks of General Rotmistrov, along with other units, also left to destroy the encircled group of Germans. 3 kilometers southeast of Zvenigorodka, in a small grove, part of the vehicles and 8 tanks were left, which could not follow with their units due to a malfunction of the chassis. 4 days before the described incident, at the site of the 375th SD, I had to be with the commander of all the abandoned tanks and vehicles of the 5th Panzer Army. Such was the deputy for logistics of the 24th tank corps. It was agreed with him on the temporary abandonment of tanks at the place of their readiness, if necessary, to fire from a place on the Germans who had broken through in the sector of the 373rd rifle division. It was not easy to hide the departure of Rotmistrov's tank army from my sector. The Germans, apparently, somehow found out about this and decided to use this case and once again try to break through to their encircled grouping. Gathering their fist, the Germans rushed in a narrow wedge to the defense zone of the 375th Rifle Division, crushed the battalion of the first echelon and developed success towards the grove where 8 tanks stood. Having made a restraint, and having let the German tanks and infantry to 400-500 meters, the tanks opened fire and knocked out 5 German tanks at the same time. With engines running in place, our 8 tanks continued to fire. The picture turned out amazing. The whole German wedge turned back and ran. The captured Germans later testified: "We went on the offensive in full confidence that your tanks were not in this sector." The order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief dated February 23, 1944 No. 16 says about this operation as follows: “Soviet troops staged a“ new Stalingrad ”for the Germans on the right bank of the Dnieper, surrounding 10 German divisions and one brigade in the Korsun-Shevchenkovsky area.” The Korsun-Shevchenko operation is over. 49th SC was transferred to the 53rd army of General Managanov, in which he was until the end of the war in the west and east without interruption.
Combat operations of the 49th Rifle Corps (SC) as part of the 53rd Army of the 2nd Ukrainian Front (March 1944, June 1945). March 1944. Having regrouped the divisions, the 49th SC is preparing to break through the German defensive line southwest of Zvenigorodka. Spring this year was friendly. The roads of Ukraine have turned into boundless abysses of muddy soil, crushed by wheels and caterpillars. Difficulties in transportation due to roads limited the ammunition limit. Suffice it to say that when delivery was completely impossible in certain directions, then the local population came to the rescue. Hundreds of citizens, forming a chain at a distance of several kilometers, passed shells and mines from Art. DOP to the firing positions of the batteries. The enemy's front has been broken. Retreating, the Germans abandoned masses of military equipment at each of their defensive lines, which they convulsively brought up from the deep rear, trying at all costs to delay our new offensive. German equipment turned out to be paralyzed, leaving it, the Germans ran away on foot, leaving even horse-drawn wagons on the roads. And, indeed, it seemed impossible to move along these roads, where the tanks sank up to the tower, and the infantryman's leg went into the mud up to his knees. Meanwhile, our offensive unfolded every day faster, wider and more powerful. There were cases when the Germans did not have time to occupy the lines equipped in engineering terms with their rear reserves. When approaching these lines, the German units were attacked by our units, which had reached these lines before the Germans. Such cases took place to the north of the city of Balta when approaching the Dniester River. Breaking the desperate resistance of the Germans at intermediate lines, the divisions of the 49th SC reached the line of the Reut River (Orhei region) on the territory of the Moldavian USSR with a large shortage of personnel in the divisions. Attempts to break through the defensive line of the Germans on the Reut River were unsuccessful on the move. The armies of the front received orders for defense. The organization of defense in front of the ready defensive line of the enemy, under the direct influence of the fire of his organized defense, requires the officers to take a special approach to solving problems of defense and organizing a system of all types of fire. As soon as it became known about the transition to the defense, most of the infantry fire weapons immediately advanced to the first line of battle order. First of all, the issues of organizing anti-tank, artillery-mortar and rifle-machine-gun fire were resolved. The issues of controlling the above types of fires and the artillery observation system were resolved. Squads, platoons, companies, battalions and regiments, stopped at random lines, immediately burrowed in order not to suffer needless losses from the fire of the organized defense of the enemy and his aviation. Refinement of the front line of defense and firing points was carried out during officer reconnaissance, when the boundaries of the defense areas of the battalions, the defense areas of the regiments and the defense lines of the division were precisely determined. Slots, trenches, etc., opened during the stoppage period, were later included in the general system of engineering structures in the defense. Defense, as a rule, by this time was always equipped with a system of trenches. Particular attention was paid to the choice of "NP" communication between them and the organization of service on them. The corps, as a rule, had at least 2-3 “NPs” in defense, the choice of which I myself did, the division, regiment and battalion - at least two. Company commanders and platoon commanders equipped the "NP" in the trench. Much attention was paid to the scheme for calling for artillery and mortar fire, both in predetermined areas and in areas according to the situation.
Offensive battles of the 49th Rifle Corps as part of the 53rd Army in Romania. Marshal Malinovsky, clarifying the role of the 53rd Army in the Yasso-Kishenev operation, said to General Managarov: "The strength of your army is in high mobility." Removed from the defensive line of the Reut River (Orhei region) and concentrated by night marches to the breakthrough site, the army of General Managarov, overturning the defense reserves, rushed to Bucharest in a stormy stream. 49 SC got one, but a good road. In addition, we knew one important detail. During the First World War, Russia, as its ally, handed over a lot of horse stock to Romania. We decided that the descendants of Russian horses would recognize us, that they had preserved the Don, Kuban, Oryol and Tambov agility, that they had not yet forgotten how to understand Russian speech. They asked the young owners of the former Russian horses to talk to them if they understand Russian, but as for agility, it was necessary to check in practice. The commander of the 49th SC had not yet had time to determine the form of a practical test, and the divisions of his corps were already racing along the paved highway on the glorious descendants of the Oryol, Tambov, Don and Kuban horses harnessed to Bucharest. They marched 70-80-90 kilometers a night. Breaking and violating the control of the German army, they captured its rear bases, smashed the approaching German reserves. Fighting was going on in the rear of the corps. On the right and on the left, columns of units of the Romanian army stretched out to the West. There is no time to take them prisoner, and besides, they respectfully give way when any of our columns catches up with the Romanian part. We rush forward, not paying attention to the units of the Romanian army remaining behind.
Here is a large column of parts of the Romanian Focsani fortified region with a large number of gypsy covered wagons. I report to the commander, General Managanov. I received an order: “Subordinate units of the Romanian army that meet and, according to the situation, set tasks.” I do. I set the tasks for all the commanders of the units of the Romanian army who met: "by roads, parallel to the movement of the 49th SC, move west to Bucharest." I appoint lines, time and keep from the headquarters of the Romanian units, communications officers to control the exit of the units to the lines I indicated. The commanders of the units of the Romanian army are excited about something and ask permission to report on the lines assigned to them. It turns out that they cannot move at such a pace, their pace of movement is 20-25 kilometers per day and they are asked to give them other calculations for the time they reach the lines. I understand what I need, it is that the units of the Romanian army have a goal where to move and do not interfere with me on the roads. Of course, they will not reach the lines I have indicated and within the indicated dates, but I still suggest that they try their luck and organize a movement with the expectation of withdrawing their units to the lines indicated by me within the terms indicated by me. Usually, on the third day of the movement, the Romanian units were, from the columns of the movement of my corps, 150-180 kilometers behind and I lost all contact with them. Later, I learned that, moving in the direction I indicated, the columns melted on the march. The soldiers of the units of the Romanian army, having not received a proper explanation from their commanders about the situation and, passing by their villages, spread through the houses in streams, leaving weapons in the settlements, and the 49th SC, performing the task of the commander, continued to rapidly advance forward. During the day, German reconnaissance aircraft are looking for 49 SC, based on the pace of its movement of 35-40 km. per day and do not find it. The trail of 49 SK was determined, first on the eastern, and then on the western outskirts of the Romanian capital Bucharest.
On August 31, 1944, the radio broadcast ....
Developing the blow, 49 Rifles, now the Bucharest Corps, continued a swift offensive along the Romanian valley of Wallachia in the direction of Turnu Severin to the Iron Gates of the Transylvanian Alps: Krov, Draganesti, Alexandria, Rosioriyde-Vede, Craiova, Butoeshtia, and finally Turnu Severin. On the right are the steep cliffs of the Transylvanian Alps, on the left is the high-water Danube, and between the steep cliffs of the Alps and the Danube, for 20 kilometers, there is a narrow (18-20 meters wide) road belt. Along the banks of the Danube - the German defense. Direct fire from the German defense guns and machine-gun fire firmly blocked traffic along the only road to the Iron Gates. What to do?
I remember the words of the children's song of the school period:
"From Altai to the Amur, from the Danube to the Dnieper,
Rise to the edge of the world
Russian word - Hurray!!!
An attempt to break through with a bang! .. At night, separate vehicles failed at long intervals. Two lead vehicles were hit and blocked the road.
The Second World War is a classic war of the machine period, but the machine also does not help, and under certain conditions even interferes. Wrecked cars blocked the road.
In the literature, I know of two works with this title. The novel “What to do” by Chernyshevsky, written by him in the Peter and Paul Fortress and the historical book by V. I. Lenin “What to do”.
Chernyshevsky's work is imbued with faith in the future and outlines the path of struggle to achieve this future. With his novel, the leader of the revolutionary-democratic movement from gloomy imprisonment gave a program of action to his students, indicating what must be done to win the revolution. The heroes of the novel are Lopukhov, Kirsanov, Vera Pavlovna, the revolutionary Rakhmetov. Lenin's book Chto Delat was preceded by the article Where to Start?, in which Lenin outlined a specific plan for building the party and later developed it in his famous book Chto Delat. The heroes of the work are the party, the working class-proletariat.
…. So where to start? I am considering what the plan for accomplishing the combat mission should be and begin preparations for the development of such a plan. By the way, it should be noted that I was aware of a curious version that ridiculed the dogmatic approach of the Mensheviks to Marxism, told by Comrade Stalin even before the October Revolution. Here is its content: “It takes place in the Crimea during the uprising of the fleet and infantry. Representatives of the fleet and infantry come and say to the Social Democrats: “In recent years you have called us to an uprising against tsarism, we have become convinced that your call was correct. We, the sailors and the infantry, have agreed to rise up and are now turning to you for advice." The Social Democrats became alarmed and replied: “That they cannot decide the question of the uprising without a special conference. The sailors made it clear that it was impossible to delay, that the matter was almost ready, that if they did not receive a direct answer from the Social Democrats, and the Social Democrats did not take over the leadership of the uprising, then the matter might fail. The sailors and soldiers went off to wait for directives, and the Social Democrats set up a conference to discuss the issue. The conference proceeded as follows: they took the first volume of Marx's Capital from the shelf, they took the second volume of Marx's Capital from the shelf, they took the third volume of Marx's Capital and there they are looking for indications about the Crimea, about Sevastopol, about the uprising of sailors in the Crimea, not a single indication are not found in 3 volumes of "Capital" either about Sevastopol, or about the Crimea, or about the uprising of the sailors. They leaf through other works of Marx and Engels and look for indications. Still, there were no indications. How to be here? And the sailors came and are waiting for an answer. And the Social-Democrats had to admit that in this state of affairs, when Marx-Engels has no special instructions on this matter, they cannot solve the problem.
But don’t I, trying to find an answer in the works “What to do”, look like the Social Democrats (Mensheviks) in the above story of Comrade Stalin. Am I not dogmatic in my approach to these works?
So, what is the peculiarity of the situation? Where is the key to solving the problem that has stood in the way of the corps? What should be the plan to break through a narrow corridor to the Romanian province of Banat?
In Turnu Severin - a small garrison of the Romanian part. The head of his garrison, a Romanian colonel, says: “There are no other routes by which one could go to the province of Banat in this area. Along the paths of the Alps, in a column one at a time, it is difficult, but it may be possible for infantry to pass. By the way, my units did not go along these paths ... What do you think, Mr. General, to pass, when and how will you start this operation? -. the colonel of the Romanian army is interested. - “What can you, Mr. Colonel, tell me about the German defense on the other side of the Danube? - in turn, I ask a curious Romanian colonel. - “Nothing special, they are defending. Two hours ago, before your arrival, my reconnaissance tried to penetrate to the other side, but had no success, I am monitoring.
- I am also conducting surveillance, - I answer the Romanian colonel, only I will conduct surveillance a little wider. I organized observation of the Yugoslav and Romanian banks of the Danube, of the ridge of the Transylvanian Alps, and tonight one of my units. “Did you listen to the shooting tonight? - broke through to the Iron Gates, captured them and conducts surveillance and reconnaissance to the West ”(In fact, as mentioned above, my two cars were hit and blocked the road). I ask you, Mr. Colonel, to monitor the defense of the Germans on the other side of the Danube from the Romanian coast. I take over the reconnaissance of the Yugoslav coast of the Danube. Ensuring order within the city is up to you. Everything that concerns issues outside the city, I take upon myself, with God's help we will defeat the German in this place too. (The Romanian colonel, as I noticed, was Orthodox). I confess, for greater persuasiveness, I crossed myself. After my sign of the cross, the face of the Romanian colonel simultaneously with enlightenment expressed surprise, and he began to talk even more good-naturedly about the difficulty of my task.
The whole conversation took place at a height, behind the wall of some stone building, on the northern outskirts of Turnu Severin. The translator was a Russian officer, a Bessarabian Moldavian who knew the Romanian language well. On the way back, the Romanian colonel invited me and asked permission to invite all my officers who were with me to breakfast with him. Fresh, cool and at the same time warm Romanian morning is good for the stomach. We accepted the Romanian colonel's invitation for breakfast. There is nothing to hide sin. At breakfast, the Romanian colonel was forced to be surprised for the second time when it became known that I did not drink alcohol or grapes. Quite tipsy by the end of breakfast, he talked a lot about the Russian army, which helped the Romanians gain their state independence. We agreed with this. He knew well, this colonel of the Romanian army, the history of his people. On a dark Romanian night, along a narrow ribbon of road, clinging to the sheer cliffs of the Transylvanian Alps, the 1st Airborne Division of the 49th BSK slipped through to the Iron Gates and captured them at dawn with a surprise attack. Battery fire on the Yugoslav bank of the Danube completed the operation. The road is free. The next day I was told that at about 10 o'clock the next day the hospitable colonel of the Romanian army, head of the Turnu Severin garrison, again sent an invitation to him for breakfast. And then the Romanian officer reported to his colonel that the Russian general had breakfast at the Iron Gates, and dinner would probably be much west. The Romanian colonel immediately arrived at the operational officer of my headquarters, who remained in Turnu Severin to send a report to Shtarm about the occupation of the head division of the 49th BSK of the Iron Gates, in order to personally verify the information reported to him by the Romanian officer. When this information was confirmed to him, the colonel of the Romanian army was very "delighted" and offered to take the only cavalry squadron from him for reconnaissance. The rest of the squadrons of his cavalry regiment for some reason were without horses. Naturally, this time we kindly refused the Romanian squadron, but later, in the fierce battles that unfolded on the fields of Hungary, the Romanian royal army fought to the right of me, and the first Romanian volunteer Debrecen named after Tudor Vladimirescu Infantry Division. The battles in the West and East have already died down. Everyone is busy with their own business, but the foundations of military commonwealth on the fields of joint battles are strong. And here is the proof: in 1946, through the General Staff of the Soviet Army, I received a letter from an officer of the 1st Romanian Volunteer Debrecen Red Banner Infantry Division named after Tudor Vladimirescu. The letter was signed by the division commander (Teklu Yakob), the deputy for cult work and the division chief of staff.
The combat path of a military unit is determined by a combat order. The path of the 49th Bucharest Rifle Corps from the Iron Gates was determined to the north to the Romanian city of Lugoj, and to the west of Lugoj - Timisoara - the main city of the province of Banat. Heavy fighting Timisoara with the German reserves again approached. The air is saturated with German aircraft, but we have already learned how to win. Timisoara was taken, in hospitals, where there are many sick and wounded officers of the German army. We check. Patients sometimes turn out to be healthy and often no wounds were found under the removed bandage. Attention and vigilance should not be forgotten even during victories.
Offensive battles 49 BSK as part of the 53 Army of the 2nd Ukrainian Front in Hungary."As a result of the seventh blow, which was inflicted by our troops in August 1944, the path was opened for our troops to Hungary, Germany's last ally in Europe." I. Stalin.
"On the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union", p. 136.
No page 32.To the East
The divisions of the Rifle Corps continued their march at high speed. The bulk of the cargo - weapons, equipment, food, water and, in part, people were placed on camels. In some places, the Japanese cavalry outposts did not have time to leave our advanced units marching on camels. The speed of the offensive march of the main forces of the corps also rose. We got the opportunity to move without roads. Where there was no car or wagon, a camel passed, carrying a load, and sometimes people. Cars came later, later, to the settlement indicated by him along the main dirt roads, which did not coincide with our routes. The corps went forward to the shores of the Pacific Ocean. The thousand-kilometer march was a difficult maneuver. But is military service easy? Yes, it happens ... when a song is sung:
“And they finished their campaign in the Pacific”, echoing the history of the civil war, the divisions of the 49th BSK sang on September 2, 1945 off the coast of the Pacific Ocean in the Far East. It was the day of the unconditional surrender of the Japanese armed forces.
To Moscow
Victory is ours. I am leading the corps to my native land, to the USSR. On the way back to the USSR, in the Manchurian city of Kailu, I hand over the corps, which I commanded continuously from the first day of his combat life, for two years and 3 months, to Bucharest the 49th rifle corps, and after Bucharest - the 49th, which received the name Bucharest rifle corps.
I am writing a report:
Commander-53
Colonel General Managarov.
On September 19, 1945, he handed over the post of commander of the 49th Bucharest Rifle Corps to the chief of staff of the corps, Colonel Khanin, and on September 20, 1945, left the Kailu region for the city of Moscow.
Reason: Your telegram dated September 18, 1945 No. 3200/sh.
General list of awards.
1. In 1936 he was awarded the commemorative medal "XX Years of the Red Army". In the same year, for successful pedagogical work in the education of officer cadres at the Academy named after M.V. Frunze, he was awarded the Order of the Red Star.
2. Awards during the Great Patriotic War.
a) On the recommendation of General Chernyakhovsky, for successful offensive battles, 322 SD as part of the 60th Army of the Voronezh Front was awarded Order of Suvorov - 2nd class.
Presidium of the Supreme Council
Moscow-Kremlin № "." March 1943.
Unable to personally present you with the Order of Suvorov, second degree, which you were awarded by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 8, 1943, I am sending it to you with this letter.
I congratulate you on a well-deserved high award and send you wishes for further success in your combat activities and personal life.
b). On the proposal of General Shumilov, for successful offensive battles and forcing the Dnieper River, 49 SC as part of the 7th Guards Army of the 2nd Ukrainian Front, was awarded the second Order of Suvorov - 2 degrees. The order is accompanied by a letter from the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
Presidium of the Supreme Council
Moscow-Kremlin No. 618 "November 10", 1943.
Major General Terentyev Gury Nikitovich.
Dear Gury Nikitovich!
For your skilful and courageous leadership of combat operations during the crossing of the Dnieper River, the firm consolidation and expansion of the bridgehead on the West Bank of the Dnieper River, and the successes achieved as a result of these operations, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, by Decree of October 25, 1943, awarded you the Order of Suvorov, second degree.
I am sending you the above order and firmly shaking your hand.
Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR M. Kalinin.
in). According to General Shumilov, he was awarded for his years of service in the Red Army the Order of Lenin and the Order of the Red Banner.
G). According to General Managarov, for successful offensive battles, 49 SC as part of the 53 army of the 2 Ukrainian Front was awarded the Order of Kutuzov -2 degrees and the Order of the Red Banner.
e). According to General Managarov, he was awarded Order of Kutuzov 1st class.
e). Awarded with medals:
Medal "For the Defense of Moscow";
Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945";
Medal "For the Victory over Japan"
g). According to General Managarov, for successful offensive battles, 49 SC as part of the 53 Army of the 2 Ukrainian Front was awarded the Romanian Order "Mikhail Vityaz"
A short list of the most important military operations on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, in which I happened to be a participant.
1. Counteroffensive in the Moscow strategic direction as part of the Western Front, the defeat of the central group of German troops. November - December 1941 - January 1942 (about three months).
Positions: Deputy Commander for Logistics of the 10th Army. Commander of the 32nd Infantry Division.
2. Stubborn defense of the 322nd SD as part of the 16th Army of the Western Front. February 1942, January 1943 (about a year).
Positions: Commander of the 322nd Rifle Division.
3.Voronezh - Kastornenskaya operation in the interaction of the Voronezh and Bryansk fronts. January - March 1943. (Three months).
Positions: Commander of the 322nd Rifle Division.
4. Stubborn defense of the 38th Army on the right flank of the Voronezh Front. Southern half of the Kursk salient. March - June 1943 (four months).
Positions: Deputy commander of the 38th Army for the combat unit of the Voronezh Front.
5. The Battle of Kursk and the subsequent counteroffensive: battles for Belgrade, Kharkov, r. Dnieper and fighting west of the river. Dnieper as part of the 7th Guards Army of the Voronezh, renamed during the operation - the Steppe, 2nd Ukrainian Front. June 1943, January 1944 About eight months.
6. The outer ring of the Korsun-Shevchenko operation and subsequent offensive operations in the Chisinau direction as part of the 5th Tank Army of General Rotmistrov and the 53rd Army of General Managarov. January - March 1944, three months.
Positions: Commander of the 49th Rifle Corps.
7. Stubborn defense on the Reut River, in the Orhei region as part of the 53rd Army of the 2nd Ukrainian Front. March - July 1944 (about 5 months).
Positions: Commander of the 49th Rifle Corps.
8. Yasso-Chisinau operation and offensive battles in Romania. (Seventh strike): Bucharest, Turnu Severin, Iron Gates, Timisoara as part of the 53rd Army of the 2nd Ukrainian Front. August - September 1944 (about two months).
Positions: Commander of the 49th Rifle Corps.
9.Offensive fighting in Hungary. Forcing the Tisza River, fighting in the Matra Mountains as part of the 53rd Army of the 2nd Ukrainian Front. September - November 1944.
10. Stubborn defense on the Hron River in front of the Slovak ore mountains as part of the 53rd Army of the 2nd Ukrainian Front. December 1944. February 1945.
Positions: Commander of the 49th Bucharest Rifle Corps.
11. Offensive battles in Czechoslovakia. Fights for Banska Stavnica, in the Slovak ore mountains Nitra, Trnava, Godonia, Bro. Forcing the Nitra, Vah, Morava rivers as part of the 53rd Army of the 2nd Ukrainian Front. February - May 1945 (four months).
Positions: Commander of the 49th Bucharest Rifle Corps.
12. The transfer of the Corps as part of the 53rd Army to Chaibolsan MPR by rail (June - July 1945).
Positions: Commander of the 49th Bucharest Rifle Corps.
13. Offensive maneuver through the waterless and roadless steppes of the Mongolian People's Republic, the Chinese province of "Chakhar", the pass "Sharahota" of the Greater Khingan ridge, Lincun, Kailu, Siilundi, Baogotu, Chaoyang, to the shores of the Liaodong Gulf of the Pacific Ocean as part of the 53rd army, the Transbaikal Front . (August 9 - September 3, 1945).
Positions: Commander of the 49th Bucharest Rifle Corps.
14. Return march to the Motherland in the USSR: through Chaoyang, Kayla to Chaibolsan (September 3 - 20, 1945).
Positions: Commander of the 49th Bucharest Rifle Corps.
15. In Kaylu I received a cipher message about seconding me to Moscow, to the Main Directorate of Personnel of the Soviet Army.
I receive an appointment as deputy head of the UVUZ of the ground forces, where I worked until May 1947. In May 1947 he was appointed commander of the 31st Rifle Corps - the city of Murmansk.
"Protection of the Fatherland is the sacred duty of every citizen of the USSR."
From the diagram of my uninterrupted military path in the Great Patriotic War, it is clear that this path is not short, it is a long path of victories. My participation in the war began with a counteroffensive near Moscow. In the further course of the war, I participated in a strong defense, offensive, counteroffensive and swift march maneuvers on the fields of Romania, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Manchuria. I had to organize and conduct offensive and defensive battles, march maneuvers in all seasons - in spring, summer, autumn and winter on different terrain. In the fields of the European Plain, in the fields of native Ukraine, in the Transylvanian Alps of Romania, in the Matra mountains of Hungary, in the ore mountains and Carpathians of Czechoslovakia, in the arid Mongolian plains, in the passes of the Great Khingan ridge and in the fields of Manchuria.
In the Great Patriotic War I only went forward.
I am a participant in battles where a large amount of modern equipment was used - artillery, tanks, aviation.
I witnessed the quantitative transition of Soviet military equipment into the quality of the results of our victories. He was a witness and participant in the war of the machine period - the war of motors.
On this memorable and great battle path of the Great Patriotic War, he passed through the battlefields of past wars, remembering his glorious ancestors. Saw a lot along the way. To generalize, comprehend, restore in memory events and people is my duty, my task. The war is over. A long battle path has gone. To sum up this path is a big and important task, and on the basis of the past, taking into account the present, to imagine a picture of the battles of the future. What is the main thing in the present and what will pass from the present into the future? The modern war of the machine period is the war of motors. The motor dramatically changed the speed of the marches. The problem of organizing large battles is the problem of different speeds. Previously, “walk apart, but fight together,” rose to the highest level and sounds differently: “Go at different speeds, and approach the battlefield together.” Infantry, cavalry, motorized infantry, motorized and tractor-mounted artillery, tanks, sea and river fleet, aviation, airborne infantry and, finally, radar, and the atomic bomb are the latest innovations of the Second World War.
The introduction of a new type of weapon will also require new battle formations, new qualities of a soldier, therefore, the nature of education and training must also change. How and in what ways will all this go? This largely depends on us - the participants and witnesses of the classic war of the machine period that ended - the war of engines.
But that's not all. And this is not enough for us. According to the ideas of the new social order and democracy, we are the most advanced country in the world.
In 1846, Belinsky said: "In the future, in addition to the victorious Russian sword, we will put Russian thought on the scales of European life." It was said a long time ago. For that time it was said well and completely. Then there was pre-revolutionary Russia. Now we have the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. These are different scales. Therefore, thoughts of this magnitude need appropriate scales. The European scales will be too small for such a thought as the thought of the USSR, and today we would express the thesis of the Great Russian critic V. G. Belinsky as follows: “In the present, we, in addition to the victorious Soviet sword, will put on the scales of life of the countries of the globe also the system of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic
Meeting with Lenin.
27th post
I also imagined the importance of post 27 in the building of the Workers 'and Peasants' Government when, on February 4, 1923, I first stood at post No. 27 - Lenin's apartment. I fill the feeling when, having taken over from the old sentry duty, I press the electric bell button in the commandant's office of the Kremlin, which served as a signal: the change took place properly. One can hear the steps of the sentries of the first shift and the guard leaving on the stone stairs. I am alone at post number 27!. On post #27!! A slight trembling and a little excitement - this is from a quick climb up the stairs - I try to calm myself with these explanations. But now I catch myself in self-deception: the reason for the excitement, of course, is not that ...
The thought that you are at the post of the leader of the Communist Party, Ilyich, forces you to pull yourself together. Another minute and I'm calm. Hands tightly squeeze the three-line and I am ready for battle every minute. Passes another - the third minute, the circle is quiet, quiet. I remember that I need to get better acquainted with the instructions and look through the list of those whom I can let into Ilyich's apartment. It was ten o'clock in the evening (I was on the second shift). In the corridor from the 25-candle light bulb - a light half-light. The instruction was read twice, the list was viewed. I go over in my mind when I should call the Kremlin commandant's office. Suddenly steps. Who is it? Is it Lenin? The one whose name is lovingly pronounced by millions of workers at both poles of the globe... The thought flies further... The one... Here it breaks off - as the door quickly opens - closes and a man in a brown jacket and boots quickly passes by the post number 27 with firm and confident steps. Here he is, quickly and easily reaching the door of the Great Council of People's Commissars and hiding behind it. Who is it? Lenin? If yes, then according to the instructions, at the moment of leaving the apartment of the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars, I must press the button for the electric call to the commandant's office. If not, no need. I hesitate for a minute. I saw him close once, dressed in winter clothes, getting into the car. Here he is undressed, and he passed so quickly that I did not have time to notice anything. How to be? I remember how I saw Ilyich in the portrait in the club, in books and magazines ... Yes. This is Ilyich. Calmly, in full confidence that it was Lenin, I called the Kremlin commandant's office. I was not mistaken in the correctness of my proposals, I was convinced of this an hour later, when the door at the entrance to the Great Council of People's Commissars opened again and two men and one woman came out. I recognized one of them at once: it was Lenin, who had left the apartment an hour ago. Now he was coming back. With whom? I didn't know this yet. All three were quietly approaching post number 27, having some kind of conversation. Here they are 7-10 steps from the post, I recognize them all. Ahead is Lenin, the second is the doctor Elizarov, and Ilyich's sister Anna Ilyinichna. So close to see Comrade. Lenin! To see the one under whose leadership the Red October took place! The one under whose leadership a powerful, steel, monolithic, like granite, party of the RCP (Bolsheviks) grew up. To see so closely the one who was the first to practically show the working class the way to power. To see the one whom the whole world is talking about ... Lenin - at post number 27! The sentry froze, he was all attention, sight and hearing. A short turn of the head towards the sentry. I see Lenin's face. Open head, slightly tired face. You don't need to look for the eyes - they are slightly squinted, looking straight at you. The right hand holds the briefcase, the left reaches for the door handle.
- Hello.
Ilyich greets the sentry at post number 27 - with a slight tilt of his head and a smile. I used to hear a lot about the charming impression that Lenin makes on those with whom he talks, about his influence on others. Here I had to convince myself of this strength of Ilyich. For a moment I forget that I am the sentry of post #27 - post #27! And instead of a short Red Army “hello”, I. Clearly trying to imitate Ilyich, I draw out my “hello” a little and also answer by tilting my head towards Lenin (this is not according to the charter), continuing to look into his face. It remained the same as in the first moment when turning to post number 27: the smile only became even softer and more cheerful - this is from my non-statutory Red Army answer to Comrade Lenin's greeting. The door closes behind those who enter, in my mind I still try to imagine the figure of Ilyich ... another thought, as fast as the current through the electric bell wire to the commandant's office and the hand itself reaches for the bell, at post No. 27 - the bell informs who is needed in the service, that Ilyich returned to the apartment.
The remaining half an hour before the shift quickly passes in thoughts about Ilyich, about his significance for the cause of the world revolution. I recall chapter 4 paragraph 28 of Bukharin's "historical materialism" and compare this political reasoning with reality. The noise of footsteps on the stone stairs makes me prepare for the surrender of post No. 27. Change ... Attention! ... The sharp tenor of the conductor cuts through the silence in the corridor: “Change to the post, march at a pace!”. Step to the right - and next to me, turning his head to receive post number 27, stood the third shift. Post No. 27. Guard the entrance to Comrade Lenin's apartment ... There is a further surrender of the post, lasting 4-5 minutes ... “Second shift! Attention! March behind me!" forgets to add a "step" breeding. Left turn. A few steps down the corridor and we are on the stairs. Waiting sentries from the posts of the Central Executive Committee. "Get up!" the first command of the breeder is given. Lined up in twos, the sentries of the governments of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics walked along with the sentry from post No. 27.
Student of the 8th Leningrad infantry school of command personnel, member of the Leningrad City Council of the 4th convocation, former cadet of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee school in the city of Murmansk. 
Personal notes to the autobiography of Lieutenant General Terentyev Gury Nikitovich.
1.
What remained of the tsarist empire was Russia, devastated and trampled down by the First World War. Later, during the civil war, it was ravaged for a long time by the interventionists and the White Guards. With what difficulty did the people raise the country out of ruin, with what effort and sacrifice did they build the great Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
June 1941, again and again, a terrible stream of ruin passed through our country.
2.
The historic victory of the Soviet Union in the Great Patriotic War not only frustrated the evil plans and insidious hopes of our enemies, not only covered the weapons of the Soviet state with unfading glory, but also saved the world from the terrible threat of fascist slavery.
Those who now feed on belittling our victory and its significance for humanity should consider what would have happened to the countries of Europe, and not only Europe, if German fascism had won the war? France would cease to exist as a state and nation. From Great Britain there would be a tiny island on which the Nazi gualeiter would wander. The dominions and colonies would have been swallowed up by greedy fascist Germany and imperialist Japan. And then, gathering his strength, mobilizing millions of European and Asian slaves, enraged Hitler would have waved across the ocean.
3.
The events of the Second World War drew the attention of progressive people to the epic of Leo Tolstoy with particular force. It was eagerly read and re-read as evidence of the invincible steadfastness of the Russian people, as a work proving the inevitability of the aggressor's defeat.
The leading French critic and publicist Claude Roy wrote a few years ago about how War and Peace was perceived by the patriotic inhabitants of the countries enslaved by the Nazis. The French and other peoples who were under the rule of the invaders acquired in the epic of L. N. Tolstoy a historical basis in order to hope ...
Hitler advanced with his army deep into Russia, she was waiting for the same fate that befell Napoleon. Our underground fighters took refuge in “poppies”, and then Denisov, Dolokhov, Tikhon Shcherbaty seemed to us not only the ancestors of the Chapaevs and Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, but also the distant predecessors of our partisans ... Reading War and Peace, we succumbed to a wonderful dream, as if we were reading the most beautiful, the most encouraging of the illegal newspapers. “My friend, let us dedicate our souls to the Fatherland with wonderful impulses” (from A. S. Pushkin’s address to Chaadaev).
War 1941-45
Periods:
1. June 1941 - November - 1942.
2. November 1942 - the end of 1943.
3. 1944 is the year of decisive victories.
4. 1945 Year of final victories
Companies:
1. Summer 1941. Forced withdrawal.
2. Winter 1941-42 Offensive. (Moscow battle).
3. Summer 1942. Withdrawal combined with defense.
4. Winter 1942-43 Offensive. (Battle of Stalingrad).
5. Summer (Autumn). Offensive (Battle of Kursk).
6. 1943-44 offensive
7. Summer autumn 1944 Offensive
8. Winter - spring 1945 Offensive
9. Summer 1945. In the Far East.
So, in total in the war of 1941-45. 9 campaigns were carried out, of which 8 campaigns were against Nazi Germany and one against imperialist Japan in the Far East. Of the 8 companies against Nazi Germany, 6 companies were offensive.
The first period of the war is usually divided into three companies.
First company- summer 1941, when the Soviet Army was forced to retreat inland. Mortal danger hung over the Motherland. In this company, we lost so much that it seemed that the heart could not withstand these losses. We lost: Kyiv, Minsk, Odessa, Kursk, Orel, Kharkov. We have lost vast expanses of our Motherland. We have lost hundreds of thousands of our people. The enemy approached the heart of the Motherland - Moscow.
Second company- winter 1941-42, when the battle of Moscow was buried the myth of the invincibility of the Nazi army. But, despite the heavy losses in this company, the fascist command was able to organize a strategic front along the lines of Leningrad, Rzhev, Bolkhov, Belgorod, Taganrog?.
Third company- summer 1942, when, as a result of the absence of a second front, the Nazis were able to recover from the defeat near Moscow and in the summer of 1942 organized a major offensive in the south.
In stubborn defensive battles near Stalingrad, Voronezh and in the North Caucasus, the main enemy forces were exhausted.
So, the first period is the most difficult period, in time it is equal to almost a year and a half of the war, until the transition of the Soviet Army to the counteroffensive near Stalingrad - November 1942.
Second period - divided into two companies. The winter campaign of 1942-43, (the fourth campaign since the start of the war), was launched by an offensive near Stalingrad. In this company, the entire southern wing of the fascist army was defeated and such a blow was dealt from which the Germans could not recover until the end of the war.
The summer campaign of 1943 (the fifth campaign since the start of the war) began with the battle of Kursk, as a result of which the fascist army was placed in front of a catastrophe.
Third period 1944, the year of decisive victories, is also usually divided into two companies. This period was marked by 10 blows that predetermined the final victory of the Soviet Union.
By the end of this period, the enemy's strategic front was again restored on the line: the Neman, Narew, Vistula, Western Carpathians, Lake Balaton, r. Firewood.
Company 1943-44 (sixth company since the beginning of the war). This company included three major strategic offensive operations:
1.
The operation to defeat the northern group of Nazi troops near Leningrad and Novgorod and the liberation of the North-Western regions of the RSFSR. (1 strike in time for a month and a half).
2.
operation to defeat the southern group of Nazi troops and the liberation of the right-bank Ukraine. (2 strokes over three months time)
3.
The operation to defeat the Nazi troops in the Black Sea direction near Odessa and in the Crimea and the liberation of these areas. (3 hits).
The company of 1844 (summer-autumn) was the seventh from the beginning of the war. This company includes six large strategic operations and one small in scale (10 strike). Strategic operations were of decisive importance in this company: Belorussian and Lvov-Sandomierz (fifth and sixth strikes), Yasso-Kishinevskaya (seventh strike).
The fourth period 1945, the year of the final victories. It is also customary to divide into two companies. Winter - spring campaign of 1945 in the west (the eighth from the beginning of the war), which includes six strategic offensive operations:
1 East Prussian;
2. Vistula-Oder;
3. East Pomeranian;
4. Vienna
5. Berlin;
6. Prague.
G.N. Terentiev
Material prepared by M. Bulanov
My grandfather, Georgy Starodubtsev (Egor in some documents) Nikolaevich, was born in 1902 in the village of Starodubtsy, Svechinsky District. He got married there and my mother was born there. His father Nikolai Starodubtsev, according to relatives, had a mill and a bakery. In 1930-31, during the dispossession of kulaks, great-grandfather Nikolai gathered his family in one day and left for the Gorky region at night. Grandfather's brother, Kupriyan Nikolaevich Starodubtsev, and his family settled at the Sharya station in the Kostroma region. The rest settled in the village under construction Syava in the Gorky region. Grandfather, Georgy Starodubtsev, worked on the construction of a wood-chemical plant, and after the start-up he worked as a compressor unit operator at the same plant. When the Great Patriotic War began, my grandfather 08.24. In 1941, he was called to the front by the Shakhunsky RVC and sent to the 322nd Rifle Division, 1089th Rifle Regiment. This division was formed in the city of Gorky. On October 2, 1941, after a rally on Minin Square, minting a step, the soldiers left in a solemn march to the railway station, loaded onto wagons and set off for the city of Kuznetsk, Penza Region. This is the only division that the Gorky people openly and solemnly escorted to the front.
In the city of Kuznetsk, a short combat training took place. The soldiers learned to shoot accurately, quickly dig in, and storm enemy positions. At the end of November, an order was received to move the division to the front. 322 SD was included in the 10th Army of the 3rd formation under the command of Lieutenant General F.I. Golikov and was created for a counterattack against the Nazi invaders near Moscow. Colonel Petr Isaevich Filimonov was appointed commander of the 322nd SD. From the memoirs of Commander P.F Golikov about the days of study: « We taught the infantrymen to fire artillery and mortars over their heads and to fire machine guns, anti-tank guns and regimental cannons in the intervals of subunits. Much attention was paid to overcoming tank fear. The fighters were taught to make bundles of grenades and boldly use them, set fire to tanks with bottles of gasoline, and when necessary, take cover in a trench and in no case run away from tanks. Whenever possible, we told the soldiers about the armor-piercing power of our 45-mm battalion guns, about firing armor-piercing and incendiary cartridges.
The fighters were instilled with resistance against detours, infiltration and breakthroughs from the enemy. It was instilled the need to bypass and surround the enemy, not to climb on the enemy "on the forehead", but boldly penetrate into unoccupied gaps in his location, cover the enemy from the flanks, go to his rear. ... In November, the troops of the 10th Army were inspected by K. E. Voroshilov. Being present at the exercise in the 322nd Infantry Division, he delved into all issues, was interested in everything, gave many instructions and suggestions ... "
On November 24, 1941, the redeployment of army units from Kuznetsk to the area southwest of the city of Ryazan began. The deployment of the army was slow due to the lack of rolling stock on the railways. 152 echelons were required to transport the army.
But already on December 5, the army commander received a directive from the Military Council of the Western Front to deliver the main blow in the direction of the cities of Mikhailov, Stalinogorsk, Venev, Kurakovo through the town of Serebryanye Prudy. The immediate task of the 10th Army was to defeat the troops of Guderian's 2nd Tank Army and capture the area from the city of Stalinogorsk (now Novomoskovsk) to the Uzlovaya station. From the memoirs of Commander P.F Golikov:
“From the unloading areas to the deployment line, in order to go on the offensive, a number of our divisions had to walk 100-115 kilometers along country roads covered with snow. Due to the lack of transport, people carried ammunition on themselves. But what an upsurge reigned in the units and formations! And how many songs they sang! And "Boldly, comrades, in step", and "International", and "Varyag", and "Ermak", and "Holy War", and "Eaglet", and "Kakhovka ...".
Occupying the right flank, 322 SD received its baptism of fire on December 6, 1941 in the battle for the Serebryannye Prudy district center near Moscow. They were opposed by the 10th, 29th motorized and 18th tank divisions of the 2nd tank army of the enemy. The battle took place in severe weather conditions: at temperatures below 28–35 degrees below zero and heavy snowstorms, the snow cover in places reached 80 cm.
From the memoirs of F.I. Golikov, commander of the 10th Army.
“Against the reinforced regiment of the 29th enemy division in Serebryanye Prudy, we threw the entire 322nd division. The weather favored our offensive: a blizzard rose, and enemy aircraft could not operate.
From the operational summary of the commander of the 322nd Infantry Division:
“From 8:00 on December 7, 1941, after a short artillery shelling, parts of the division, inflicting a concentrated blow from three sides, captured Serebryanye Prudy. The enemy garrison, consisting of two battalions of the 15th Infantry Regiment with 6 guns, fled in a panic after the battle in a westerly direction to Venev. Our division captured a large number of trophies: more than 200 trucks, cars and special vehicles, 20 motorcycles, 4 guns, a large number of heavy machine guns, rifles, cartridges, a lot of food, ammunition and equipment. They captured the battle flag and the box office of one of the regiments of the 29th motorized division, about 50 prisoners and many trophies. Trophy counting continues.
After the liberation of Serebryanye Prudy, the 322nd Infantry Division continued to advance and liberated the cities of Venev and Stalinogorsk-1. After a fierce battle at dawn on December 14, the Uzlovaya railway station, which is of strategic importance, was liberated. The offensive continued without interruption and at night. During the offensive operation, our troops inflicted a serious defeat on the enemy, eliminating the threat of bypassing Moscow from the south.
From December 19 to 30, 1941, having met stubborn resistance from the enemy, the fighters of the 322nd Rifle Division successively drove the Germans out of the settlements and moved forward with battles. On December 22, they took the city of Odoevo with battles. On the morning of December 27, the battles for the city of Belev began. Belev with its ancient buildings, monasteries and many churches, with the villages adjacent to it from the north and south, the Nazis prepared for a long defense. There were bunkers, and dugouts, and machine-gun nests in many stone buildings, and areas with barbed wire, and minefields, and direct-fire guns in blockhouses, scarps with icy slopes along the banks of the Oka River. In a number of areas, the approaches to the city were mined. For two days, our troops fought fierce offensive battles. The case more than once came to bayonet fights. Our units stubbornly recaptured every inch of land beyond the river from the enemy. Oka. They fought for long hours under the deadly fire of the enemy, moving on the ice of the river. The enemy put up fierce resistance. During the fighting, the settlements of Beregovaya, Besedino, Kalizna, Fedinsky changed hands several times. And yet there was a turning point. The Germans failed to rebuild their defenses when the commander of the 10th Army encircled the enemy from the southeast and northwest. By the evening of January 1, 1942, the Germans began to retreat, then retreat from the city. The city of Belev was liberated from German troops.
Having suffered setbacks in battles and having lost the line of the Oka River, the fascist German troops, retreating to the west under the blows of our units, sought to linger on other, previously prepared positions. Such positions were the important railway junction Sukhinichi, the districts of Mosalsk, Meshchovsk, Kirov, Lyudinovo, Zikeevo, Zhizdra and other strongholds and centers of resistance, which the enemy continued to strengthen, pulling up reserves from the rear.
After January 5, 1942, the 10th Army received an additional task - to speed up the exit to the Vyazma-Bryansk railway rocade and capture the cities of Kirov, Lyudinovo, Zhizdra. After the army reached the line of the Oka River, the 322nd SD was moved to the left flank towards Bryansk, in order to then approach Zhizdra.
On January 8 - 9, 1942, 322 SD entered the battle for the Zikeevo railway station, five kilometers west of the city of Zhizdra. Having struck the head regiment of the fresh 208th infantry division of the enemy that had arrived from France, our division forced it to retreat to the settlement of Zikeevo, where it surrounded, but could not immediately defeat it. On January 12, 1942, the German offensive began against the left flank of the 10th Army, accompanied by intense Nazi air raids. Under pressure from a numerically superior enemy, the 322nd Rifle Division was forced to withdraw from the Zikeev area to the northeast.
On January 21, 1942, the administration and headquarters of the 16th Army of General Rokossovsky received an order to surrender their troops to the neighboring armies, and to move from the Volokolamsk-Gzhatsk direction to the area of the city of Sukhinichi and take into submission part of the divisions of the 10th Army of General F.I. Golikov. On January 27, the command of the 16th Army received part of the troops of the 10th Army. And 322 SD became part of the 16th Army. Colonel Terentiev Gury Nikitich was appointed commander of the division.
The divisions accepted into the 16th Army were exhausted in battles and needed reinforcements, weapons and ammunition. The task set by the front did not correspond to the forces and means. It was decided to mislead the enemy: let him think that the entire 16th Army, already known to the Germans for hot battles, was moving towards Sukhinichi.
The attack was scheduled for the morning of 29 January. At dawn, artillery began shelling enemy fortifications. Then the infantry moved, and at noon the city of Sukhinichi was already liberated from the Nazis - the Germans left it after a short fierce battle, leaving a lot of equipment, ammunition, and fuel.
In a combat report dated January 31, 1942, sent signed by the Chief of Staff of the Army Malinin to the Front Headquarters, the last paragraph reads:
“The state of the weather - an incessant blizzard swept all the roads ... The movement of all types of transport is impossible. The supply of all types of material support for the troops has ceased. Logistics and artillery cannot move.
In the most difficult off-road conditions and deep snow cover, Rokossovsky's troops nevertheless successfully completed their assigned tasks, delivering strikes successively at one or another enemy defense node. At the end of January, the fascist German troops were again thrown back in a southwestern direction.
Stubborn battles with varying success for both sides in the Zhizdra direction continued until May 1943. 322 SD continued to conduct offensive battles, but, having met stubborn resistance from the enemy, was not successful.
In early March 1942, K.K. Rokossovsky was seriously wounded by a shell fragment that flew into the window of the headquarters. The notebook of the Chief of Staff of the Army Mikhail Sergeevich Malinin keeps an entry on the page dated March 8 about this alarming case: "Rokossovsky was wounded at 22.30 ...". The commander returned from the hospital in May. His duties during this period were performed by M.S. Malinin
In April 1942, due to illness, my grandfather was sent to a hospital in the city of Gorky, where he underwent treatment for a month, then he was granted leave for two weeks.
On May 29, 1942, my grandfather, Georgy Nikolayevich Starodubtsev, was again called to the front. His further combat path took place on the Southern Front in the 37th Army of the 295th Infantry Division.
Army commander - Major General Kozlov, division commander - Colonel Safaryan N.G.
After the Battle of Kharkov on May 21-29, 1942, the troops of the Southern Front suffered heavy losses: about 280 thousand Red Army soldiers were killed and captured, a group of troops was surrounded in the Barvinkovsky ledge, which broke out of the encirclement in small groups. The tasks of liberating Kharkov and creating conditions for an attack on Dnepropetrovsk have not been fulfilled.
The fascist German command, seizing the strategic initiative in the spring of 1942, prepared a summer general offensive in the South with the aim of crushing the Soviet troops, capturing the Stalingrad region and reaching the Caucasus.
On June 28, the troops of the German army launched an offensive in the Voronezh direction, breaking through the defenses on the Bryansk Front. The Voronezh-Voroshilovgrad defensive operation began on June 28 - July 24, 1942. On June 30, the defense of the Southwestern Front was broken through. The troops of the Southern Front continued to defend the Donbass. Throughout June 1942, 295 SD defended on the right flank of the front in the area from the village of Krasny Liman, east of Slavyansk, Artemovsk on the right bank of the Seversky Donets River.
On July 6, 42, the Germans occupied Voronezh and turned south towards Rostov-on-Don, fulfilling the task of encircling and defeating the troops of the Southwestern and Southern Fronts. On the night of July 7, the troops of the right wing of the Southern Front began to withdraw. The regiments of the 295th SD retreated to the left bank of the river. Seversky Donets. Soviet intelligence reported that the Germans were reinforcing their force grouping against the right wing of the Southern Front in the region of Kramatorsk and Slavyansk.
On July 10, 1942, by directive No. 170490, the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command, in order to avoid encirclement, authorized an immediate, organized withdrawal of troops of the 37th Army to the Novo-Astrakhan-Trekhizbenka line.
On the night of July 10-11, 295 SD began to withdraw. It was required to pass on sandy roads a distance of 17 to 25 km. The German reports also indicated the difficulties of passing through this area. The enemy did not give a break and continued to strike blow after blow.
By 12:00 p.m. the Red Army soldiers of the 295th SD, hungry and tired, took up defense in front of the positions of the 74th fortified area at the turn: Novo-Astrakhansky - Chabanovka - the eastern outskirts of Smolyaninovo. The issues of interaction with the 74th fortified area were not linked, the staff of the 295th SD was not connected with the headquarters of the 74th SD. By 16-18 hours, the advanced enemy units with a force of up to 30 tanks and an infantry battalion pushed our units beyond the UR, and they retreated to the area of the settlement of Popasny. On the morning of July 12, the 885th Infantry Regiment occupied the line: the northwestern outskirts of Novo-Aidar-Oknino and by 12-00 pm. was attacked by enemy tanks. 884 SP, approaching the line of defense, was also attacked by the enemy. The regiments of the 295th Rifle Division retreated eastward in disarray. On the way to Alekseevka, they were again attacked and retreated to the southern outskirts of the Mikhailyukov settlement. The withdrawal of units and subunits turned into a disorderly movement of an unorganized mass, rushing to the crossings across the Seversky Donets. Traffic jams were created on the roads and especially crossings, representing a good target for enemy aircraft. Daytime air temperature was over 35 degrees Celsius. There was no communication between the formations and the army headquarters, there were few cars and horse-drawn vehicles, so the Red Army had to drag the artillery installations themselves. Food warehouses were previously transferred to the rear and on July 10-11 the soldiers were left without food. The equipment was left, the convoys of military units were mixed with the evacuating civilian population. Daily marches for 30-35 km, on loose sands, under the scorching July sun and continuous bombing - exhausted the strength of the fighters, the division became incapable of combat, turning into an unorganized and uncontrollable mass of people.
On July 12, 1942, near Voroshilovgrad, my grandfather, Georgy Nikolaevich Starodubtsev, was captured. The card of the prisoner of war notes that at the time of captivity, grandfather was ill. Grandfather was sent to the prisoner of war camp Stalag 302 (II H) Gross-Born Rederitz. On December 30, 1942, my grandfather died. He was buried in the cemetery in the POW camp. Now it is the territory of Poland. So far, there are only birch crosses, installed by foresters several years ago. Until 1992, this was the territory of the training ground of the Northern Group of Forces of the Soviet Army and no one cared for the cemetery. The administration of the city of Borne Sulinovo and employees of the forestry, which is located in this city, are planning to equip the cemetery.
Mom and grandmother received a notice that grandfather was missing without knowing anything about him.